August 11 1611; Judge of the assize and Grand Jury presented with indictments

Eunice Abbot widow of Edward Abbot and Katherine Abbot daughter of Edward Abbott on 10 May 1611 at Leicester bewitched Alice Sawyer and Mabel Sawyer daughters of Thomas Sawyer.

Anne and Beatrice Sawyer are experiencing convulsions, scratches on their arms and being thrown from standing to the floor or the beds of the girls. This occurs in fits, with the Sawyer daughters having periods in the day of recovery. It is also brought on by Eunice and Katherine Abbott passing by the Sawyer house causing the fits, with the daughters being seen convulsing and scratches appearing on their arms seen by Thomas Sawyer and his wife Margaret Sawyer.

Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot plead not guilty.

Eunice Abbot widow of Edward Abbot on 25 July 1610 at Leicester bewitched the then newborn son of John Barlow and his wife Alice.

The child became ill after whispering from an angry Eunice Abbot. Later, Eunice told Alice Barlow that her son would not die. The son recovered from the illness after this.

Eunice Abbot pleads not guilty.

The Grand Jury and Judge decide there will be a trial.

Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot taken to jail to await trial

15 August 1611 – Trial Begins in Leicester, with Judge Crooke at the head of proceedings, with a jury decided

Eunice tells that is the daughter of Arthur Abbot, who was a labourer and married Joane. Grew up poor, married Edward at a regular age. Only able to have one child who lived to adulthood, Katherine. States she had two sons, but they did not live past infancy, both fell ill very soon after birth. Husband died 2 years prior.

Katherine tells that she is the daughter of Edward Abbot, who was also a labourer, married Eunice. Grew up in a similar situation to mother by description. Is not married, no man has given interest since the death of her father 2 years prior. Does her best to help her mother, “as a good daughter should,” she describes.

Judge Crooke asks John Barlow to speak. He is a labourer.

John Barlow states the women have a general bad reputation. He has heard terrible stories from neighbours, and has seen Eunice followed by a black dog that has a limp. States that she smiles at the dog and has seen her beckoning it to follow her. Worries for daughter Katherine, her reputation is not as bad as her mothers, though it is only a slip away from becoming so.

Judge Crooke asks John Barlow if he knows anything of the dog, how Eunice came to get it or if it has a name.

States he does not know, he has seen it on occasion over the last few months.

Judge Crooke dismisses him, asks his wife, Alice Barlow, to speak.

Alice had been told by neighbour, Muriel Hawke, that Eunice put a curse on her newborn son and caused great illness. States she saw the boy when ill, and while did not witness the curse put on the boy, believes Muriel’s story about it.

Judge Crooke asks if she has seen any witchcraft directly, or the black dog.

Alice states she has seen the black dog very few times, though knows nothing.

Judge Crooke asks Alfred Hawke, a sergeant and wife Muriel to speak.

Muriel Hawke states that after she birthed her now 1-year-old son she was visited by many of her neighbours, including Eunice. Began to worry Eunice was a witch because her own mother believed Eunice’s mother Joane was also a witch. She was unsure of Eunice, so refused to allow her to hold her newborn son, in case a curse did occur. Eunice was not pleased when told she could not hold the baby. Muriel explains she heard Eunice say something very low, she could not hear it properly. Muriel believes now this was Eunice cursing her child. Two days later, her son fell ill. Thought the child would die. Eunice returned days later, saying she heard the babe was ill and wanted to help. Eunice told that the boy would not die. This made sure in Muriel’s mind that Eunice caused the illness. States as far as she is concerned Eunice is a witch, will never be allowed near her children or in the house again.

Since it seems Eunice is passing witchcraft onto Katherine, that must make Eunice a witch herself. She states that when she refused to let Eunice hold her baby Eunice murmured something that she did not hear, which must have been a curse because her son became ill. Eunice later told her the baby would not die, and he did not. She states as far as she is concerned that makes Eunice a witch.

Judge Crooke asks if the baby’s symptoms were out of the ordinary from regular symptoms of newborns.

Muriel says states that the baby was warm to the touch, coughing and crying constantly.

Judge Crooke asks if Alfred Hawke has anything to add to their testimony.

Alfred states he agrees with what his wife told, adds that she was very distraught, did everything in her power to heal their son and keep him alive. She was overcome with relief when their son healed from his illness.

Judge Crooke thanks them and returns them to their seats. He asks Eunice if she cursed the Hawke baby.

Eunice denies this. She states that she was a bit frustrated that she could not hold the baby, as she wanted to see her neighbour’s healthy son since her sons were not healthy upon birth. She does not recall saying anything about the event, but was saddened by being turned away and not allowed to see the child. She says she told Muriel the child would not die because she believed it to a small illness, easily curable, and the baby did survive. Does not think she caused any harm.

Muriel Hawke cries out against Eunice, attempts to stand but is kept sitting by Alfred Hawke. Another gentleman in the audience states that witches are not real. He explains that Eunice has had a reason for the Hawke boy, and it is reasonable. The man is not identified. Another cry that she is a witch, this man is also not identified.

Judge Crooke demands order in the room, and the crowd quiets. Judge Crooke asks Cecily Morris, wife of James Morris to speak.

Cecily Morris heard that Eunice with her daughter and other women. Apart from Eunice and Katherine all the other women were wearing clothing with hoods that hid their identities. The women went towards the Abbot house, which is near a large field when it was getting very close to sun down. Thought it was odd. Prior to that night, has no recollection of the dog. After that night remembers seeing the dog for the first time. She suspects this was a witch’s meeting, where the Devil gave the dog to Eunice, that it may be an imp. States her and her husband have been learning of imps from pamphlets that her husband reads. States he knows more on this topic than herself.

Judge Crooke thanks her. He asks James Morris, a shopkeeper to speak.

James Morris explains that him and his wife have seen pamphlets about witches, and the black dog matches the description of an imp. He says that the pamphlets warn that imps show signs of the Devil by their colour, being black, or having a deformity. The dog is not only black, but also walks oddly. Further, he says he read in a pamphlet, though he cannot recall which one, that imps can change witches, that if they are both witches it makes sense that it would switch between Eunice and Katherine.

Judge Crooke states that he is correct in his description of an imp, asks if he has seen the dog with Katherine.

James Morris explains he sees Eunice most often, and the dog is always with her. However, there have been few occasions where the god is walking with Katherine and where Eunice has told that the god is with Katherine if not seen with her. These instances are very few and the dog is usually following alongside Eunice.

Judge Crooke thanks James Morris. Judge Crooke asks Eunice about the black dog.

Eunice explains that she found the dog abandoned, with an injured leg and hungry. She found some scraps and gave them to the dog. The dog stayed close, she took it in as her own. No one else had any interest in the dog. The dog is very fond of her, less so but still fond of Katherine, and both women are fond of it. They have named it Batton.

Judge Crooke asks Katherine about times she has been seen with the dog.

Katherine says she is unsure. The dog usually stays near her mother, as she is the one who found the dog, but on instance it does follow her as well, though very rarely. She states the dog prefers her mother and only follows her when it feels like it, without prompting from her or her mother.

Someone yells out that the dog is protecting them. Another than that dog is helping their witchcraft. People begin yelling that the dog is an imp. Others than the dog cannot be an imp.

Judge Crooke orders for the court room to settle. People continue to yell and make noise. Judge Crooke decides the court will adjourn until tomorrow, because order cannot be obtained.

16 August 1611 – Trial Continues

Judge Crooke asks if either woman has been to a witch’s meeting.

Eunice denies ever going to a witch’s meeting. Katherine also denies ever attending one.

Judge Crooke asks about the night they were seen with the hooded women.

Eunice says she and Katherine were never with a large group of women.

Judge Crooke asks again what happened that night.

Katherine states she has no memory of these events.

James Morris yells out against them

Judge Crooke demands order, and James Morris apologizes.

Judge Crooke asks when the black dog found Eunice, before of after the witch’s meeting.

Eunice states there was no witch’s meeting.

Judge Crooke asks when the dog appeared, before or after the night Cecily Morris told of.

Eunice states she does not know, as she has no idea what night Cecily Morris walks talking of, as she has no memory of this night.

Judge Crooke asks Cecily Morris when the night she saw the hooded women was.

Cecily Morris says it was late Summer, maybe in the beginning of harvest season. She is not certain of the exact date.

Judge Crooke asks Eunice when she found the dog.

Eunice says it was at the last Harvest.

Judge Crooke asks Gary Walsh, a labourer, and his daughter Mary to speak.

Mary Walsh speaks first. She explains she witnessed Katherine and Eunice near her father’s cow. Only a day later, the cow became ill. Says she does not know much about livestock, but knew the cow was ill. Was hunching over, as a person would if they were in pain. A week after the illness began, the cow died. Says her father said, “he had never seen anything so peculiar happen to a cow.” Still has no idea what caused the illness of the cow. She believes the cow was made ill by Katherine and Eunice.

Judge Crooke asks Mary Walsh if she them feed the cow, stop by the cow, or walk past the cow.

Mary Walsh says Eunice and Katherine Abbot stopped by the cow for a few moments, then continued on their way.

Judge Crooke asks Gary Walsh to explain the illness of the cow.

Gary Walsh has raised livestock nearly his whole life, having learned how to raise livestock from his father. His cow became ill during the last harvest, fell over upon itself, acting as if it were a person in great pain falling over himself. He has never seen a cow act like that when ill. Suspects Eunice over Katherine, as she has had a bad reputation since he was young. Remembers her family to be rude and cruel. Eunice has become more cruel since her husband Edward died. He states he is not certain Katherine is a witch yet, but that if Eunice is not stopped her daughter will become one as well.

Judge Crooke thanks Gary Walsh and Mary. Judge Crooke asks Eunice and Katherine about this instance.

Eunice states that they were only walking past the cow, they did not do anything to the cow. The cow must have gotten sick from other means.

Katherine says she remembers stopping as her mother dropped something she had just brought from James Morris’ shop. She states they did nothing to the cow and asks, “what we could possibly use on the cow to make it ill?”

Judge Crooke orders her to remain calm and that she should conduct herself in this manner in front of a judge.

Katherine appears to murmur something.

A woman exclaims that Katherine is saying a curse.

Katherine objects that she does not know how to curse someone.

There are exclaims that Katherine is a witch.

Judge Crooke demands order from the audience.

Once the audience settles, Judge Crooke asks Thomas Sawyer and his wife Margaret to speak.

Judge Crooke asks Thomas Sawyer and his wife Margaret to speak.

Thomas Sawyer explains that last spring, he and his wife noticed their daughters having fits whenever Eunice and Katherine were around. The daughters told the parents Eunice and Katherine came to the house when neither adult was home and the daughters had not been the same since. If Katherine or Eunice passed by the house or came near the door, their fits would start. This includes throwing themselves on their beds, or the floor, convulsions and scratches on their arms. Has been going on since the spring, without any relief. When he tried to discuss with Katherine and Eunice not to come near the house unless he or his wife were home, he says he was dismissed by them. The women refused to admit they were ever there.

Judge Crooke asks where Thomas Sawyer his wife were on the day mentioned.

Thomas Sawyer says he and wife Margaret had gone to the shoppe. Thomas says he needed Margaret to come because much needed was for the home and she knew better than him what was needed. He decided his daughters would stay home as it did not seem appropriate to take them to the shoppe with him and his wife. His daughters are 14 and 15 years of age and must be prepared to be without a man in the house in the future as well for when her future husband is not there. He says it is true that on occasion both him and his wife have not been home, occasionally needing to go to a neighbour’s house and returning very quickly. He had not noticed any previous issue, but knew that there were a instances when he had been absent when a neighbour, including Eunice Abbot had come by his house. His daughters never convulsed until after that day.

Judge Crooke asks if the Sawyer daughters gave any indication of something being different when Thomas returned from the shoppe with his wife.

Thomas Sawyer says his daughter, Anne, told him that Eunice Abbot had come looking for him. She and his other daughter, Beatrice, had told her that he was not able to speak to him at the present time. He was told Eunice became angry, and when his daughters suggested she return the following day she said something in a foreign language. He says his daughters have daily fits, and when Eunice or Katherine passes by more will appear. The daughters will convulse and scratches appear on their arms in the presence of either of the accused witches. Thomas feared his daughters were having symptoms of possession at first. He went to the minister, and says the minister did an examination, concluding that was not the case, but that something supernatural was occurring to his daughters. He also went to a healer, who was unable to stop their fits, or find any reason for the fits.

Judge Crooke asks if Thomas Sawyer has any proof of the convulsions and fits his daughters endure.

Thomas Sawyer says the minister or healer may be able to confirm. Once his daughters began having convulsions him and his wife tried to keep them out of view of neighbours. He says his daughters fear being seen convulsing by anyone but their parents.

Judge Crooke asks where Thomas Sawyer’s daughter are.

Thomas Sawyer says they are outside, he thinks the judge should see them and their symptoms, but knew if they were inside they would have had a fit the whole length of the trial.

Judge Crooke asks Eunice about this day.

Eunice explains she went to the Sawyer house as she was meant to discuss some business with Mr. Sawyer related to the next harvest. When she arrived she asked for Mr. Sawyer, but the Sawyer daughters told her he was not home, she left.

Judge Crooke asks if Katherine was with her.

Katherine says she may have gone on the walk to the Sawyer house, but did not go with her to speak to Mr. Sawyer. She says she would have stayed on the road with the dog, but cannot recall the day, as there were plenty of times when her mother talked to the Sawyer family. She knows that after one instance the family would no longer give them any notice. She did not know why until the accusations occurred.

Judge Crooke asks Eunice what she said to Anne and Beatrice.

Eunice says she may have been a bit annoyed at not being able to speak to Thomas Sawyer, but that she told the girls she would be back tomorrow, and asked if the two could tell their father she had been by. Anne and Beatrice agreed and she left.

Judge Crooke asks if the dog was with them.

Eunice states it must have been.

Judge Crooke asks Thomas Sawyer to bring his daughters inside.

The daughters are retrieved. Upon entering the court room both girls begin having fits, convulsing, falling onto the ground, heads turning side to side.

The audience once again is erupted in gasps. Some call out that this is proof of witchcraft, while others say that the daughters are faking their symptoms.

Judge Crooke demands order. He adjourns another day in court to decide on experiments for the accused witches.

17 August 1611 – Trial Continues, day of Experiments. Present in court: Judge Crooke, the Jury Eunice Abbot, Katherine Abbot, Anne Sawyer, Beatrice Sawyer, Thomas Sawyer, Father Feder,  Doctor David Samuel (guiltless, impartial, medical observer).

Anne Sawyer and Beatrice Sawyer are sat on a bench in the court. Judge Crooke, all members of the jury, Father Feder and Dr. Samuels are all able to see them. The Sawyer daughters are blindfolded.

Their mother, Margaret Sawyer, is brought into the court room. The door can be heard opening, and Judge Crooke says that a woman has entered the courtroom. Neither Anne nor Beatrice Sawyer show any signs of a fit or scratches on their arms. Margaret Sawyer leaves the room.

Judge Crooke says the next woman will come in. She is an innocent, impartial woman. Not expected to be known by the girls. Again, there is no sign of a fit or scratches from either of the girls.

Judge Crooke asks the next woman in. She is another woman expected to be unknown to the girls. Once more, no signs from the girls of a fit or scratches.

Judge Crooke asks the next woman in. This is Eunice Abbot. The girls start convulsing immediately. Anne begins falling over herself, Beatrice falls from the bench. Eunice is ordered out of the court room, and the girls are examined by the judge. Scratches have appeared on their arms. This is said and shown to the impartial observers. They return to their sitting positions.

The next woman is asked inside by Judge Crooke. This is another impartial woman, unknown to the girls. Neither of the girls have any reaction to her.

Judge Crooke asks the next woman in. This is Katherine Abbot. She walks into the room to stand in front of the girls before Anne and Beatrice begin convulsing again. The reaction is not as much as when Eunice entered. Katherine is ordered from the room. Judge Crooke inspects the girls arms, but neither he nor any impartial observers can tell if new scratches have appeared of if all the scratches were from the encounter with Eunice Abbot.

Judge Crooke releases the Sawyer daughters, and the accused witches must be questioned again.

Thomas Sawyer takes his daughters and wife Margaret away. Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot are returned to sit in the court room and be questioned by Judge Crooke.

Judge Crooke asks both women to confess.

Katherine Abbot says she has done nothing. If it is anyone, it is her mother. She knows something happened to the Sawyer daughters, but she knows she did not have any way of doing anything to them. She says she is not a witch. She has never been to a Sabbath, she does not know how to curse a cow or a person.

Judge Crooke asks Eunice Abbot to confess.

Eunice does not say a word for multiple minutes.

Katherine asks her mother if she has done this to them.

Eunice says she is a witch. She admits she was doing all of it, she was convinced by the Devil to do everything she did. The dog is an imp, her helper. He feeds on her, but has never fed on Katherine. It was sent to her by the Devil. She was in change of everything, Katherine was a forced accomplice. She says the Devil wanted Eunice to start Katherine in on being a witch, and she became convinced by him to do so. She says she used a spell on Katherine so she would not know she was at the witch’s meeting. She says Katherine is innocent, and should not be charged as a witch because she is not yet one. She can still live a normal life, without falling to witchcraft.

Judge Crooke asks Katherine if she remembers the witch’s meeting.

Katherine says she has no memory of being at a witch’s meeting, of the Devil. She says she was not even aware of her mother’s witchcraft.

Eunice asks Judge Crooke to allow her daughter to leave.

Judge Crooke orders another experiment must be done to make certain if Katherine has only fallen to her mother’s witchcraft or if she is also a witch. This will be done after sunrise tomorrow morning.

18 August 1611 – The Experiment of Katherine Abbot

Judge Crooke, the Jury, Eunice Abbot and many witnesses and audience members of the trial and from the town and watching.

Katherine Abbot will undergo the swim test this morning. If she sinks, she is innocent. If she floats, she is a witch. This test will be conducted in the River Soar. She will be tied and held onto by two strong men, to be sure that she can be recovered and cannot attempt to swim away.

Judge Crooke says the test will now start. Katherine Abbot enters the water. Her head and body duck under the water, but she emerges seconds later. This bobbing continues. She is removed from the water.

Judge Crooke says the test should be conducted multiple times, with some changes when needed. Katherine Abbot is put in the water again. Her head and body fall under the water again, but she emerges and floats only seconds later once more.

Katherine is pulled from the water once more, this time Judge Crooke says her thumbs must be tied to her toes. Katherine is thrown into the water once more, this time she floats, not falling beneath the water. Judge Crooke asks the men holding the ropes to swing the rope. They do, and she raises out of the water, them falls back to the water. She continues to float.

This method is done again, with the same effect. Judge Crooke has it done five additional times, before he says she must be pulled from the water.

Judge Crooke asks Katherine Abbot, still with her thumbs tied to her toes if she is a witch.

Katherine says she is not a witch.

Judge Crooke tells her she floated, she did not sink.

Katherine says she is not a witch, she has nothing to say other than she is not a witch. She has never been a witch. She has not done anything to make her a witch.

Judge Crooke states that the jury will retire to reach a verdict.

August 19 1611 – It is announced that Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot have been found guilty of witchcraft by the jury, that Judge Crooke agrees with the verdict, and Eunice and Katherine Abbot will be hanged in the morning of the next day.

The experiment conducted the day prior has proved that Katherine Abbot is guilty of witchcraft, just as her mother is.

August 20 1611 – Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot are hanged for the crime of witchcraft.

Eunice Abbot remains silent for the execution. Katherine Abbot continues to declare to innocence.

This image is from a witch pamphlet what I used in my research. I use this to show what a real pamphlet title page looks like. My pamphlet title page was styled after this image as I thought it was interesting and easy to do in the format we are using.

 

THE Wicked Practises of Eunice Abbot and her daughter

Eunice Abbot               

                                        The Witches

Katherine Abbot             

Who were executed on August 20, 1611

Eunice Abbot of Leicester, borne to poor parentage and poor education, born to no good and feared by her neighbours years before her death. Noted to be of ill disposition and wicked nature, being long accused and proved true. This Eunice Abbot had a daughter, Katherine Abbot. This Katherine Abbot had no better education or parentage than her own mother, her father dying and her never marrying, leaving E.A and K.A vulnerable to the corruption of the Devil and witchcraft.

An imp, in case there are readers who are not sure of the term, are Devilish creatures sent by the Devil to the witches to aid in witchcraft. Imps take the form of animals and fairies. Imps will have physical abnormalities, clubbed feet or ugly faces to tell of their Devilish nature. Imps are true signs of witchcraft. They will feed on witches and will help witches in their corruption and their duties to the devil on the innocent neighbours of witches.

E.A and K.A were oft accused of having an imp, a black dog. The imp was common to follow E.A around, less to follow K.A. Neighbours and a shopkeeper saw this imp, and some knew it to be an imp thanks to pamphlets such as this one.

A Gary Walsh found near Harvest two years past, that a cow had fallen ill. This Gary Walsh had raised cattle since childhood with his father, yet could not find any cure or reason for illness in this cow. His daughter, one Mary Walsh had seen the witches stop and talk to the cow prior to the illness. The cow died, and G.W knew it was an act of witchcraft done by this E.A and K.A. M.W did not fall to their corruption, and remains a proper, innocent young woman.

This E.A and K.A made to harming children, this E.A making a very young baby ill. It’s mother was terrified and grief stricken that she may lose her baby, even while doing everything a good mother does to keep her child healthy. E.A made the child ill because she was not allowed to hold the child when she came to visit after birth. The family was worried for their child, having heard of her terrible reputation, and were protecting their child. The witch did not see it as such, and caused great harm to this child. The child lived, E.A even telling the mother the child would not die. Some may say it is mercy, or a warning of what to come if one were to do something against this witch.

E.A and K.A bewitched two young girls, daughters of Thomas Sawyer. E.A caused scratches on the young girls arms, and convulsions. The young girls bodies would be thrown form standing to the floor or to the beds of the daughters. E.A was the more suspect of this, proven that she caused all symptoms against these poor girls, causing great distress among them and their parents, who only wanted their daughters to get better. K.A was not found guilty of doing so, or the results were inconclusive. She was on the same track as her mother, but was not as wicked as her mother as of yet. It took  the swimming experiment, to prove her a witch. This K.A was found to float during the experiment, showing her true wickedness.

To conclude with this Eunice Abbot and Katherine Abbot, the younger so ill concluded with the world. She being brought on the place of Execution, and standing upon the fatal stage for offenders, pleaded for her innocence, to the great wonder and disdain of all the lookers on. Even in her last moments attempting to use her witchcraft to convince that she was not a witch. The older, accepted her fate, for what she had done, and remained silent.

 

 

Bibliography

Bayman, Anna. “’Large hands, wide eares and piercing sights’: The ‘Disoveries’ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Witch Pamphlets.” Literature & History 16, no. 1: 26-45.

Darr, Orna Alyagon. “Experiments in the Courtroom: Social Dynamics and Spectacles of Proof   in Early Modern English Witch Trials.” Journal of the American Bar Foundation 39, no. 1 (Winter 2014): 152-175. Wiley Online Library.

Estes, Leland. “The Medical Origins of the European Witch Case: A Hypothesis.” Journal of Social History 17, no. 2 (Winter 1983): 271-279.

Gibson, Marion. “The severall practises of Johane Harrison and her daughter (1606).” In Early Modern Witches: Witchcraft Cases in Contemporary Writing, 151-157. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

Gibson, Marion. “The Witches of Northamptonshire (1612).” In Modern Witches: Witchcraft Cases in Contemporary Writing, 158-172. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

Sax, Boria. “The Magic of Animals: English Witch Trials in the Perspective of Folklore.” Anthrozoos 22 no. 4 (2009): 317-332.

Sharpe, James. “In Search of the English Sabbat: Popular Conceptions of Witches’ Meetings in   Early Modern England.” Journal of Early Modern Studies, no. 2 (2013): 161-183.

Vanysacker, Dries. “Witchcraft and the Act of 1604.” Church History and Religious Culture 90, no. 4 (2010): 697-699. Brill.

Wilby, Emma. “The Witch’s Familiar and the Fairy in Early Modern England and Scotland.” Folklore 111, no. 2 (2000): 283–305. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1260607.

Images:

“Old woodcut depicting a woman feeding imps,” various sites, such as BBC, Wikipedia and Epoch Magazine,” https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F            Imp&psig=AOvVaw2sy0GJDS_S2NOAp-            ZgP1mj&ust=1649890041501000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCKjlj8bNj_cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAl.

“The Witches of Northamptonshire.” Printed by Tho Purfoot for Arthur Johnson, 1612. Alamy. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamy.com%2Fcover-of-the-pamphlet-the-witches-of-northampton-showing-three-witches-riding-on-a-sow-published-after-the-northamptonshire-witch-trials-1612-by-arthur-johnson-image210363457.html&psig=AOvVaw15FR5YMb86wSJ7oDsrPXUV&ust=1649890941040000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCPDwkfDQj_cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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